Noise Sources, Effects and Countermeasures in Narrowband Power-Line Communications Networks: A Practical Approach

The integration of Distributed Generation, Electric Vehicles, and storage without compromising the quality of the power delivery requires the deployment of a communications overlay that allows monitoring and controlling low voltage networks in almost real time. Power Line Communications are gaining momentum for this purpose since they present a great trade-off between economic and technical features. However, the power lines also represent a harsh communications medium which presents different problems such as noise, which is indeed affected by Distributed Generation, Electric Vehicles, and storage. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the types of noise that affects Narrowband Power Line Communications, including normative noises, noises coming from common electronic devices measured in actual operational power distribution networks, and noises coming from photovoltaic inverters and electric vehicle charging spots measured in a controlled environment. The paper also reviews several techniques to mitigate the effects of noise, paying special attention to passive filtering, as for being one of the most widely used solution to avoid this kind of problems in the field. In addition, the paper presents a set of tests carried out to evaluate the impact of some representative noises on Narrowband Power Line Communications network performance, as well as the effectiveness of different passive filter configurations to mitigate such an impact. In addition, the considered sources of noise can also bring value to further improve PLC communications in the new scenarios of the Smart Grid as an input to theoretical models or simulations.This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the National Program for Research Aimed at the Challenges of Society under the project OSIRIS (RTC-2014-1556-3) and through the network of excellence REDYD2050 (ENE2015-70032-REDT)

Noise Sources, Effects and Countermeasures in Narrowband Power-Line Communications Networks: A Practical Approach

The integration of Distributed Generation, Electric Vehicles, and storage without compromising the quality of the power delivery requires the deployment of a communications overlay that allows monitoring and controlling low voltage networks in almost real time. Power Line Communications are gaining momentum for this purpose since they present a great trade-off between economic and technical features. However, the power lines also represent a harsh communications medium which presents different problems such as noise, which is indeed affected by Distributed Generation, Electric Vehicles, and storage. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the types of noise that affects Narrowband Power Line Communications, including normative noises, noises coming from common electronic devices measured in actual operational power distribution networks, and noises coming from photovoltaic inverters and electric vehicle charging spots measured in a controlled environment. The paper also reviews several techniques to mitigate the effects of noise, paying special attention to passive filtering, as for being one of the most widely used solution to avoid this kind of problems in the field. In addition, the paper presents a set of tests carried out to evaluate the impact of some representative noises on Narrowband Power Line Communications network performance, as well as the effectiveness of different passive filter configurations to mitigate such an impact. In addition, the considered sources of noise can also bring value to further improve PLC communications in the new scenarios of the Smart Grid as an input to theoretical models or simulations.This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the National Program for Research Aimed at the Challenges of Society under the project OSIRIS (RTC-2014-1556-3) and through the network of excellence REDYD2050 (ENE2015-70032-REDT)

Epistemologia contábil: uma abordagem à influência da tendência tradicional

Accounting has been the object of study from the frameworks of traditional epistemology, an activity developed fundamentally since the seventies, when different schools and authors initiated meta-studies in the light of the theories of critical rationalism, historicism, scientific realism, dialectical rationalism and epistemological anarchism, among others. The works of traditional accounting epistemology are characterized by transposing the concepts that in principle served to explain physics, chemistry and biology, in this sense, the terms paradigms, research programs, falsification, monism and methodological pluralism, scientific communities, research traditions, among many others, are used in accounting knowledge. Other schools of thought consider that the social sciences, including accounting, should have their own epistemological and methodological tools, which differ from the criteria used in the natural sciences. The paper presents the criteria, sources and basic ideas presented by the most recognized epistemologists of the traditional current, with some examples of their application in accounting; the elements presented contribute to enrich the debate regarding the rigor with which accountants have used the classical epistemological references, the relevance of these approaches and even the need to build new routes of reflection on accounting knowledge.La contabilidad ha sido objeto de estudio desde los marcos de la epistemología tradicional, actividad desarrollada fundamentalmente desde la década de los setenta, cuando diferentes escuelas y autores iniciaron meta estudios a la luz de las teorías del racionalismo crítico, el historicismo, el realismo científico, el racionalismo dialéctico y el anarquismo epistemológico, entre otros. Los trabajos de epistemología tradicional de la contabilidad se caracterizan por transpolar los conceptos que en principio sirvieron para explicar la física, la química y la biología, en tal sentido, se utilizan en el saber contable los términos paradigmas, programas de investigación, falsación, monismo y pluralismo metodológico, comunidades científicas, tradiciones de investigación, entre muchos más. Otras corrientes pensamiento consideran que las ciencias sociales entre las cuales se encuentra la contabilidad deben contar con un instrumental epistemológico y metodológico propio, que difiera de los criterios utilizados en las ciencias naturales. El documento presenta los criterios fuentes e ideas básicas que exponen los más reconocidos epistemólogos de la corriente tradicional, con algunas ejemplificaciones de su aplicación en la contabilidad; los elementos presentados contribuyen a enriquecer el debate con respecto al rigor con que los contables han utilizado los referentes epistemológicos clásicos, la pertinencia estos enfoques e incluso la necesidad de construir nuevas rutas de reflexión frente al conocimiento contable.A contabilidade tem sido objeto de estudo a partir das estruturas da epistemologia tradicional, atividade desenvolvida fundamentalmente desde os anos 70, quando diferentes escolas e autores iniciaram meta-estudos à luz das teorias do racionalismo crítico, historicismo, realismo científico, racionalismo dialético e anarquismo epistemológico, entre outros. Os trabalhos tradicionais de epistemologia contábil são caracterizados pela transposição dos conceitos que em princípio serviram para explicar a física, a química e a biologia, neste sentido, os termos paradigmas, programas de pesquisa, falsificação, monismo e pluralismo metodológico, comunidades científicas, tradições de pesquisa, entre muitos outros, são utilizados no conhecimento contábil. Outras escolas de pensamento consideram que as ciências sociais, incluindo a contabilidade, devem ter suas próprias ferramentas epistemológicas e metodológicas, que diferem dos critérios utilizados nas ciências naturais. O documento apresenta os critérios de origem e as idéias básicas apresentadas pelos epistemólogos mais renomados da corrente tradicional, com alguns exemplos de sua aplicação na contabilidade; os elementos apresentados contribuem para enriquecer o debate a respeito do rigor com que os contadores utilizaram os referenciais epistemológicos clássicos, a relevância destas abordagens e até mesmo a necessidade de construir novos caminhos de reflexão sobre o conhecimento contábil

O Estado Empreendedor, de Mariana Mazzucato. Fato e ficção

Mariana Mazzucato proposes a world economy driven by an entrepreneurial State that is not limited to correcting market failures, on the contrary, he proposes that its role is to be innovative and assume risks to become a creditor and participate in the benefits generated in the different activities that it promotes. He considers the redistribution of wealth to be important, including the pre-distribution of it; a controversial proposal due to the assigning of resources to society that have not been generated. It was leading one to assume that these would come from more taxes or a higher level of indebtedness affecting future generations. The objective of this article is to address the author's considerations regarding the role that the State should play, as well as the main criticisms and indications of its intervention, including the free market. This is based on the review of the texts The Entrepreneurial State, Mission Economy, The Value of Things and Let's not Waste This Crisis, in which Mazzucato repeatedly highlights the vital role that the Government figure has had in the success of companies such as Apple, Tesla, the trip to the moon, the pharmaceutical industry, and nanotechnology. He also considers that climate change and a new Green Deal are great challenges for the present generation. However, his postulates do not stray from the growth objective of the traditional economy or a business conception, and not from an ecological point of view. Confidence in the state's role as an intervener in the economy is presented as an alternative to the optimistic vision of the market, as an efficient allocator of resources for the economy.Mariana Mazzucato propone una economía mundial impulsada por un Estado emprendedor que no se limite a corregir los fallos del mercado, por el contrario, propone que su papel sea innovador y asuma riesgos para hacerse acreedor y participe de los beneficios generados en las diferentes actividades que impulsa. Considera importante la redistribución de la riqueza, incluso, la predistribución de la misma, propuesta polémica porque asignar a la sociedad recursos que no se han generado llevaría a suponer que estos provendrían de más impuestos, o por un mayor nivel de endeudamiento con afectación de las generaciones futuras. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo abordar las consideraciones de la autora en torno al papel que debería cumplir el Estado, así como las principales críticas y señalamientos a su intervención, incluyendo el libre mercado. Este, se fundamenta en la revisión de los textos El Estado emprendedor, Misión economía, El valor de las cosas y No desaprovechemos esta crisis, en los cuales Mazzucato de manera reiterada, e incluso repetitiva resalta el vital papel que ha tenido la figura Gobiernista en el éxito de empresas como Apple y Tesla, así como en el viaje a la luna, la industria farmacéutica, y la nanotecnología. Considera también, que el cambio climático y un nuevo Pacto Verde son grandes desafíos de la presente generación, sin embargo, sus postulados no se alejan del objetivo de crecimiento de la economía tradicional, y tampoco su percepción de sostenibilidad cimentada sobre una concepción empresarial, y no desde una visión ecológica. La confianza en el papel del Estado interventor en la economía se presenta como una alternativa a la visión optimista del mercado como eficiente asignador de recursos para la economía.Mariana Mazzucato propõe uma economia mundial impulsionada por um Estado empreendedor que não se limite a corrigir as falhas do mercado; ao contrário, propõe que seu papel seja inovador e que assuma riscos para se tornar credor e participar dos benefícios gerados pelas diferentes atividades que promove. Considera importante a redistribuição da riqueza, até mesmo a pré-distribuição da riqueza, uma proposta controversa porque atribuir à sociedade recursos que não foram gerados levaria à suposição de que esses recursos viriam de mais impostos ou de um maior nível de endividamento que afetaria as gerações futuras. O objetivo deste artigo é abordar as considerações do autor sobre o papel que o Estado deve desempenhar, bem como as principais críticas e críticas à sua intervenção, incluindo o livre mercado. Baseia-se em uma revisão dos textos El Estado emprendedor, Misión economía, El valor de las cosas e No desaprovechemos esta crisis, nos quais Mazzucato destaca, de forma reiterada e até repetitiva, o papel vital que a figura do governo desempenhou no sucesso de empresas como Apple e Tesla, bem como na viagem à lua, na indústria farmacêutica e na nanotecnologia. Ele também considera a mudança climática e um novo Green Deal como os principais desafios da geração atual, mas seus postulados não se afastam do objetivo de crescimento da economia tradicional, tampouco sua percepção de sustentabilidade se baseia em uma concepção de negócios, em vez de uma visão ecológica. A confiança no papel do Estado interventor na economia é apresentada como uma alternativa à visão otimista do mercado como um alocador eficiente de recursos para a economia

In vitro cytomodulatory and immunomodulatory effects of bovine colostrum whey protein hydrolysates

Bovine colostrum possesses biological compounds involved in the development of the newborn. Among them, the proteins have drawn attention as a source of bioactive peptides. This study shows the in vitro cytotoxic and immunostimulatory potential of two colostrum whey protein (CWP) hydrolysates obtained by in vitro digestion with pepsin and pancreatin. MTT cell viability, apoptosis induction, polymorphonuclear proliferation and phagocytic activity assays were performed. Treatment with the hydrolysates induced a significant decrease in the viability of MDA-MB-231 cell lines due to apoptosis and also a significant increase in the proliferation of blood mononuclear cells. It could also be observed that for the RM-1 and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines and for the two times of exposure (24 and 48 h), the hydrolysate H1 is significantly more cytotoxic than CWP. These results showed the potential of bovine CWP and its hydrolysates for the treatment of chronic diseases such as cancer

A multivariate strategy for tablet manufacturing optimization

The objective of this work was to develop a multivariate strategy to optimize tablet manufacturing employing mephenesin as model drug. The process variables for granulation step were binders and lubricants types, while the mixture variables included the proportions of binders and lubricants. To reduce the experimentation and tablet characterization in the compression step, a principal component analysis was performed. Tabletting process was studied according to a three level factorial design. The factors were the scores in first principal component of granulation variables and hardness of the tablets. The properties of tablets were mainly influenced for the scores of granules. The optimum formulation, achieved using the desirability function, was the formulation with PVP K 90 as binder (4.25 %) and talc as lubricant (1.25 %). The multivariate strategy provides an effective tool for tablet manufacturing optimization when the high experimentation costs are prohibitive or the granulation process is influenced by many factors.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Contabilidade Ambiental e Sustentabilidade: Representação através da Teoria Set

The objective of this article is to graph, based on set theory in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces, the different possibilities of evaluative relationship of natural elements in their possible uses, which can be optimal, depletion or degradation. The research carried out is of a qualitative nature, it privileges the concept of sustainability over that of sustainability, the first is of a biocentric nature, anchored in deep ecology and ecological economy, with the purpose of protecting the natural heritage; while the second is associated with neoclassical environmental economics, organizational stability based on economic utility and the maintenance of financial capital. The developed proposal allows knowing a priori the different valuation scenarios of natural elements, thereby contributing to informed decision-making regarding alternative valuations that a natural element may have, identifying the coordinates with the highest possible environmental valuation, followed by the social and finally economic, in accordance with the integral pyramid of sustainability.El artículo tiene como objetivo graficar a partir de la teoría de conjuntos en espacios bidimensionales y tridimensionales las diferentes posibilidades de relación valorativa de los elementos naturales en sus posibles usos, los cuales pueden ser óptimos, de agotamiento o degradación. La investigación realizada es de carácter cualitativa, privilegia el concepto de sustentabilidad frente al de sostenibilidad, el primero es de carácter biocéntrico, anclado en la ecología profunda y a la economía ecológica, teniendo como propósito la protección del patrimonio natural; mientras el segundo, está asociado a la economía ambiental neoclásica, a la estabilidad organizacional en función de la utilidad económica y al mantenimiento del capital financiero. La propuesta desarrollada permite conocer a priori los diferentes escenarios de valoración de los elementos naturales, contribuyendo con ello a una toma de decisiones informada con respecto a valoraciones alternativas que puede tener un elemento natural, identificando las coordenadas de mayor valoración ambiental posible, seguida de la social y finalmente la económica, de conformidad con la pirámide integral de la sustentabilidad.O objetivo do artigo é grafar, com base na teoria dos conjuntos em espaços bidimensionais e tridimensionais, as diferentes possibilidades da relação de valor dos elementos naturais em seus possíveis usos, que podem ser ótimos, esgotados ou degradados. A pesquisa realizada é de natureza qualitativa, privilegiando o conceito de sustentabilidade sobre o de sustentabilidade, sendo o primeiro de natureza biocêntrica, ancorado em profunda ecologia e economia ecológica, com o objetivo de proteger o patrimônio natural; enquanto o segundo está associado à economia ambiental neoclássica, à estabilidade organizacional em termos de utilidade econômica e à manutenção do capital financeiro. A proposta desenvolvida permite o conhecimento a priori dos diferentes cenários de avaliação dos elementos naturais, contribuindo assim para a tomada de decisão informada com respeito às avaliações alternativas que um elemento natural possa ter, identificando as coordenadas da maior avaliação ambiental possível, seguida da avaliação social e finalmente econômica, de acordo com a pirâmide integral da sustentabilidade

Manual de estrategias pedagógicas. Especialidad de carpintería metálica

Manual que describe los conceptos y criterios pedagógicos para guiar al docente de la especialidad de carpintería metálica en su quehacer docente y se describen 6 guías de aprendizaje correspondientes a los bloques modulares como modelo guía para los instructoresManual that describes the concepts and pedagogical criteria to guide the teacher of the specialty of metalwork in their teaching and describes 6 learning guides corresponding to the modular blocks as a guide model for instructorsLas actividades de aprendizaje -- Criterios pedagógicos generales -- Guías de aprendizaje por bloque modular -- Guía de aprendizaje No.1 Doblado Manual de perfiles redondos. Plano de productos para ejercicios de doblado -- Guía de aprendizaje No. 2 Doblado de perfiles en lámina de acero. Plano de productos para doblado de perfilería en lámina -- Guía de aprendizaje No. 3 Medios de trabajo para armado. Plano de medios de trabajo para el armado en perfiles sólidos y tubulares -- Guía de aprendizaje No. 4 Sistemas de cruces y empalmes entre perfiles. Plano de armadura en acero. Plano de verja de seguridad -- Guía de aprendizaje No. 5 Armado de perfiles en lámina. Plano de perfiles en lámina -- Guía de aprendizaje No. 6 identificación y operación de máquinas para ensamble de perfiles en aluminio. Identificación de las máquinas para ensambles en perfiles en aluminio. Pautas de manejo de máquinas para trabajo del aluminio. Pautas de seguridad en manejo de máquinas para trabajo del aluminio48 página